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The Dehesa: Spain’s natural treasure
What is the Dehesa?
The dehesa is an agroforestry ecosystem characteristic of the Iberian Peninsula. This unique landscape combines trees such as cork oaks and holm oaks with grasslands, creating a perfect balance between nature and human activity. Its origins date back to the medieval period when Mediterranean forests were managed to promote agriculture and grazing. Today, the dehesa is not only a symbol of biodiversity but also the home of the Iberian pig, a fundamental pillar in the production of one of the most exquisite delicacies in Spanish cuisine: Iberian ham.
Characteristics of the Dehesa
Flora
The predominant vegetation includes holm oaks, cork oaks, and shrubs such as rockroses, rosemary, and thyme. These species not only provide food and shade but are also essential for feeding the Iberian pig, whose acorns are key to producing high-quality hams.
Fauna
The dehesa is home to iconic animals such as the Iberian lynx, the imperial eagle, and of course, the Iberian pig. The latter primarily feeds on acorns during the montanera, a process that gives Iberian ham its unmatched flavor and makes it a high-end product. At the Museum of Ham, we are committed to offering the best Iberian hams raised in freedom in the Spanish dehesas, thus ensuring top quality that will delight the most discerning palates.
Want to learn more about Iberian ham and the importance of the dehesa? Visit our our online store and bring home authentic, sustainable products.
Economic and Cultural Importance
Livestock Farming
The dehesa is fundamental for extensive livestock farming, especially for the Iberian pig. During the montanera, the pigs feed on acorns, which gives Iberian ham its unparalleled flavor and texture. At the Museum of Ham, we take pride in offering our customers this delicacy, which is the result of meticulous care in raising free-range pigs.
Silviculture
Cork extraction from cork oaks is a sustainable and traditional activity, key to the local economy and environmentally friendly. The management of the dehesa not only benefits the production of hams but also ensures the conservation of this valuable ecosystem.
Other Resources
In addition to livestock farming and forestry, the dehesa yields honey, mushrooms, aromatic plants, and timber, promoting economic diversification. This natural and cultural wealth translates into high-quality products that you can find at the Museum of Ham.
Challenges Facing the Dehesa and Its Conservation
Despite its resilience, the dehesa faces challenges such as rural depopulation, diseases like oak decline, and the effects of climate change. To protect this ecosystem, it is essential to implement sustainable management policies that preserve its biodiversity and promote the local economy. At the Museum of Ham, we believe that promoting quality products, such as Iberian ham, can contribute to the conservation of this valuable environment.
Visit our locations in Madrid and experience a unique culinary journey at the Museum of Ham. Explore the flavors that arise from the dehesa and discover why our Iberian hams are considered the best in the world!
